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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume- 15 - May-June 2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 605–609
Anju Viswanathan K*1 and Madhu Subramanian2
1-2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkra, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
Fifty genotypes of okra were evaluated for resistance to shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella at College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkra, Thrissur from October 2020 to March 2021. The mean fruit damage varied greatly throughout the fifty genotypes studied, ranging from 3.42 to 85.31 per cent. The highest mean fruit damage of 85.31 per cent was shown by IC 117123 and lowest in Susthira, 3.42 per cent. Variation in moisture content among fifty genotypes was also significantly evident and it varied from 75.25 to 94.86 per cent. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive (0.659) relation between moisture content and fruit damage.

Anju Viswanathan K*1 and Madhu Subramanian2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 610–614
Shashi Prabha*1 and Om Raj2
1-2 Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
This paper examines the production trends of saffron cultivation in Kishtwar district in the UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Using historical data and current statistics, we analyze the factors that have contributed to the growth and decline of saffron production in the region. This study focuses on the period from year 2010-2021. We begin by examining the historical context of saffron cultivation in Kishtwar tracing its roots back to the Mughal Empire. We then analyze the factors that have influenced saffron production in the region, including changes in climate, government policies and socio-economic conditions. This study reveals that saffron production in Kishtwar has fluctuated over time, with periods of growth and decline. However, despite these fluctuations, saffron remains an important crop in the region, and efforts are being made to promote its cultivation. In the final section of the paper, we offer a future outlook for saffron cultivation in Kishtwar, taking into account the current state of the production and potential opportunities for growth. We argue that with the right policies and investments, saffron production in Kishtwar has the potential to grow and contribute to the economic development of the region.

Shashi Prabha*1 and Om Raj2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 615–621
Shital J. Patil*1, Khemchand R. Surana2 and Sunil K. Mahajan3
1, 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir’s Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shreeshakti Shakshanik Sanstha, Divine College of Pharmacy Nampur Road Satana, Nashik - 423 301, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive constituents mostly preservative of medicinally important selected plant. The quantitative method for ethanolic extract of Mentha Piperita (Extract 3A) was developed using spectroscopic methods such as UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, GCMS, also chromatographic methods such as TLC, HPTLC. The present active phytoconstituents in Mentha piperita that possess antimicrobial and antifungal activity are Menthol and Pulegone. The modern tools like gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy are excellently work to analyses phytoconstituents from natural herb extract. Using this technique, it is very easy to achieve separation of both active constituent with full m/z range. In GC method the experiment was done on thermofischer instrument using chromeleon software. The column DB-1 (25m×0.32mm×1.0µm) was used as stationary phase and mobile phase was helium is used with optimized flow rate. In GCMS method Stationary phase was Rxi-5ms, Restek (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm) and mobile phase was helium with 1.4ml/minute flow rate. The validation key parameters were also performed. After quantification by modern analytical tool the Extract 3A shows presence of active phytochemical in ratio of 1:10 equivalency with that of standard drug.

Shital J. Patil*1, Khemchand R. Surana2 and Sunil K. Mahajan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 622–630
Saptarshi Samajdar1, Surya Sekhar Mondal2, Iqbal Hossain3 and Sudip Saha*4
1-4 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Near Jagadighata Market, Kolkata - 700 125, West Bengal, India
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronavirus that ravaged humanity in the last three years, requiring new and effective drug delivery systems to deliver the novel antivirals. Water-soluble polysaccharides are considered to be important in different pharmaceutical activities especially in drug delivery. The isolation, purification and structural properties directly affect their usage. With recent advantages in drug delivery, excipients and adjuvants fulfill specific functions where they directly or indirectly influence the rate or extent of drug delivery. Recent trends towards use of natural water-soluble polysaccharides as excipients demand the replacement of synthetic additive due to the advantages of being chemically inert, nontoxic in nature, low cost, biodegradable, and wide availability. This review not only provides ideas for optimization of the isolation, purification and structural analysis of natural water-soluble polysaccharides but also provides a theoretical basis for their uses as an adjuvant in different antiviral drug delivery.

Saptarshi Samajdar1, Surya Sekhar Mondal2, Iqbal Hossain3 and Sudip Saha*4 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 04-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 631–634
P. Victoria Rani*1
1 Department of Botany, SVSSC Government Degree College, Sullurpet - 524 121, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Living organisms create biotic stress in plants, particularly microorganisms, insects and weeds. They directly robbing the host of its essential nutrients which leading to bring down drastically diminish plant vitality and health. Ultimately, which leads to host plant death. In agriculture field, substantial challenges arise from biotic stress, presenting a significant hurdle in the realm of plant health and growth eventually crop yield losses. Phyto-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) as a critical agricultural issue, precipitating significant harm to crops and causing marked yield and financial setbacks for farmers, particularly. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) stand as a paramount threat, wielding a destructive impact of profound proportions in mulberry and other crops. In the face of biotic stress, plants mobilize intricate defense mechanisms, arrange a strategic response to safeguard for their well-being to scavenge this stress create free radicals. The primary aim of this study was to investigate stress-induced enzymes Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activity in root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infested mulberry plants. Enhanced activities of defence enzymes have been noticed in nematode infested mulberry plants compared to control plants.

P. Victoria Rani*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 635–643
R. R. Rakh1, L. S. Raut2, S. M. Dalvi3, P. B. Nirmal4 and A. V. Manwar5
1 Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna (Jn.) - 431 511, District Parbhani, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Microbiology, Sant Tukaram College of Arts and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Botany, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna (Jn.) - 431 511, District Parbhani, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of English, Sant Tukaram College of Arts and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India 5 Department of Microbiology, D. S. Mandal’s, College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is a serious disease that affects groundnut production worldwide. Currently, managing Fusarium wilt is challenging and relies heavily on host resistance and chemical fungicides. However, using biological control methods, such as rhizosphere soil bacteria, can provide a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution for plant disease management. In this study, the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, a soil-borne bacterium isolated from healthy groundnut plants, was investigated against F. oxysporum in vitro. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 exhibited strong antagonistic activity, inhibiting mycelial growth by 76.00%. The cell-free culture filtrate obtained from this bacterium also showed significant inhibition of F. oxysporum growth by 90%. This biocontrol effect was attributed to the production of siderophores and volatile compounds by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98. To validate these findings, a pot assay was conducted, which demonstrated a decrease in Fusarium wilt incidence in the range 33.33% to 26.67% due to the treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 compared to the untreated control. Additionally, the bacterium improved seed germination percentage compared to the control group. These results highlight the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 as a biocontrol agent for managing Fusarium wilt disease in groundnut.

R. R. Rakh1, L. S. Raut2, S. M. Dalvi3, P. B. Nirmal4 and A. V. Manwar5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 644–651
Nishanthi N*1 and Anandraj K2
1-2 Department of Microbiology, Shanmuga Industries Arts and Science College (Co-Education), Thiruvannamalai - 606 603, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Piper peepuloides and Piper hymenophyllum a well-known medicinal plant of Piperaceae family is used by many tribal groups to treat inflammation and diabetics in India. In the study, different extracts such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous of Piper peepuloides and Piper hymenophyllum leaf are evaluated for its qualitative phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. Among various extracts, Piper peepuloides leaf ethanol extracts showed the maximum amount of phenolics (336.84 mg GAE/g extract), tannin (331.52 mg GAE/g extract) and (176.18 mg RE/g extract) content. It also revealed the presence of highest antioxidant property by estimating DPPH% (IC50: 24.33 μg/mL), ABTS (68645.8 μM TE/g extract), Superoxide (83.69%) radical scavenging activity and Phosphomolybdenum (21.08 mg AAE/g). Piper peepuloides leaf extracts have a tremendous amount of antioxidant potential, making them a good source of natural antioxidant supplements for food to protect against oxidative stress-related diseases.

Nishanthi N*1 and Anandraj K2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 652–655
Geetanjali*1, Shakti Bhardwaj2 and Rakesh Bhargava3
1 Department of Zoology, S. M. S. Government Model Science College, Gwalior - 474 009, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Zoology, Government KRG PG (Autonomous) College, Gwalior - 474 006, Madhya Pradesh, India 3 Division of Microbiology, DRDE, Gwalior - 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Toxicology is defined as the study of harmful and toxic components and the adverse effects of toxic components found in plants. The present study has been undertaken to study the adverse or hazardous effects of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation, dissolve it in distilled water and determine the LD50 to establish the safety of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation in albino rats as per OECD guideline 423. All rats were administered orally the aqueous extract of the polyherbal formulation in single dosage of 2000mg/kg body weight. All animal were observed for toxic signs at 24 hours and for the next 14 days. Conclusively indicates the LD50 value of the aqueous extract of the polyherbal formulation classified under category 5 as per OECD guideline 423. No mortality or any significant changes was observed at 2000 mg/kg body weight, behavior pattern, and wellness parameter. The present study promotes that an acute oral study of Polyherbal formulation was found to be non-toxic and safe drug in the tested experimental conditions.

Geetanjali*1, Shakti Bhardwaj2 and Rakesh Bhargava3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 656–660
Kumaresan Marappan*1, Kovvasu Khanchana2 and Vijai Ananth Arumugam3
1 Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Horticultural Polytechnic College, Mango Research Station, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Nuzvid - 521 201, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 School of Agricultural Sciences, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Samayapuram - 621 112, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Jasminum sambac, one of the most significant commercial flower crops, is extensively grown in India and is prized for its fragrant, eye-catching blooms. Because of their lovely aroma, these flowers are in high demand for export. However, one of the biggest issues farmers deal with is the shelf life of flower buds, which results in browning of petals and an abrupt loss of aroma on the second day of harvest. The present experiment was laid out in a CRD with 11 treatments and 3 replications. The chemical treatments like T1 (Benzyladeninepurine -100ppm), T2 (Benzyladeninepurine -200ppm), T3 (Kinetin -100ppm), T4 (Kinetin -200ppm), T5 (Boric acid-2%), T6 (Boric acid-4%), T7 (Salicyclic acid-25ppm), T8 (Salicyclic acid-50ppm), T9 (Sodium benzoate-25ppm), T10 (Sodium benzoate-50ppm) and T11 (Control). Among the different chemical treatments, the Jasminum flower buds treated with boric acid (2%) retained the maximum freshness index (74.79%), color retention index (60.86%), moisture content (67.66%), fragrance index (3.87), and shelf life (57.92 hours). The minimum physiological loss in weight (9.15%), total phenol content (6.41 mg/g), flower opening index (33.66), and browning index (32.41). The experiment's findings indicated that treating jasmine flower buds with 2% boric acid extended the flower bud quality and shelf life.

Kumaresan Marappan*1, Kovvasu Khanchana2 and Vijai Ananth Arumugam3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 661–664
Umank Mishra*1, Nikhil Ghodichore2, Kruti Jethwa3, Maya Rajnarayan Ray4 and Anoop Narain Singh5
1, 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Junwani, Bhilai Durg - 490 020, Chhattisgarh, India 2 Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, University Teaching Department, CSVTU, Bhilai - 491 107, Chhattisgarh, India 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology, Sindri - 828 123, Jharkhand, India 5 Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Aquaponics, a symbiotic integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, presents a promising solution to address the challenges posed by population growth, urbanization, environmental degradation, and economic constraints in food production. As a vital source of animal protein, aquaculture plays a crucial role in meeting global food demands. However, conventional aquaculture practices often encounter issues such as water pollution, resource inefficiency, and high production costs. Aquaponics offers a holistic approach by utilizing the waste from fish farming to fertilize plants, which, in turn, purify the water for the aquatic organisms. This study aims to optimize aquaponic systems for efficient and sustainable food production. It encompasses various aspects, including system design, theoretical frameworks, practical implementation, ideal environmental conditions, and management strategies. Additionally, the study explores suitable combinations of aquaculture and horticulture species, ensuring compatibility and maximizing productivity. By achieving a balance between nutrient cycling, water conservation, and ecological integrity, aquaponic systems strive to produce high-quality organic food while minimizing environmental impacts and operational costs. Ultimately, this research seeks to advance the development and adoption of aquaponics as a viable solution for future food security challenges.

Umank Mishra*1, Nikhil Ghodichore2, Kruti Jethwa3, Maya Rajnarayan Ray4 and Anoop Narain Singh5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 665–671
Mintumoni Pegu1 and Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh*2
1-2 Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India
Abstract
Aquaculture, as a vital component of global food production, faces pressing challenges in meeting the growing demand for food while ensuring environmental sustainability and resource optimization. To address these challenges, the integration of emerging digital technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Robotics, has gained considerable momentum in the aquaculture industry. By utilizing the real-time data insights from IoT, the aerial capabilities of UAVs, and the intelligent decision-making of AI and ML, aquaculture farmers can adjust their practices for optimal outcomes. The combined utilization of these technologies empowers aquaculture farmers with data-driven decision-making capabilities, promoting sustainable practices and minimizing environmental impacts. As technology continues to advance, the potential for further innovation in these fields promises to drive significant advancements in aquaculture practices, fostering a resilient and thriving industry for the future.

Mintumoni Pegu1 and Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh*2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 07-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 672–673
Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2
1 Department of Basic Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 2 Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
Artificial intelligence can also be used to predict weather patterns and adjust irrigation schedules accordingly, reducing the need for manual adjustments based on weather forecasts. This can lead to significant water savings and improved crop yields. In terms of optimizing crop selection and planning, AI can analyze historical data and environmental factors to recommend the most suitable crops for a specific region, taking into account factors such as soil type, climate, and water availability. This can help farmers make more informed decisions about what crops to plant and where, leading to higher yields and reduced water usage. Overall, the use of AI in irrigation has the potential to significantly reduce water usage, improve crop yields, and minimize environmental impacts associated with agriculture. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of AI in water management and agriculture specifically on weather forecasts. This can lead to significant water savings and improved crop yields. In terms of optimizing crop selection and planning, AI can analyze historical data and environmental factors to recommend the most suitable crops for a specific region, taking into account factors such as soil type, climate, and water availability. Overall, the use of AI in irrigation has the potential to significantly reduce water usage, improve crop yields, and minimize environmental impacts associated with agriculture. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of AI in water management and agriculture. With the use of Drone Technology and UAV use of AI are very much in use in the scientific institutions. Only need of hour is that these technologies need a significant revision to be used on a small and modular format which may offer as a one platform for the farmers as a service.

Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 674–681
Sofia S*1 and Ajmila Majeed2
1-2 Department of Botany, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam - 691 001, Kerala, India
Abstract
The research aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Sphagneticola trilobata populations sourced from Thiruvananthapuram and Alleppey, two distinct locations in Kerala, India, utilizing ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers, a robust tool in population genetics for assessing genetic variation. Subsequently, DNA extraction was carried out following established molecular biology protocols to obtain high-quality genomic DNA from the collected samples. ISSR analysis was then conducted, employing PCR amplification targeting regions between microsatellite sequences, with primers designed to anneal at these sites. The resulting amplification patterns served as fingerprints, reflecting the genetic variation within the samples. For comprehensive data analysis, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's Information index were computed to quantitatively assess genetic diversity within each population. The study unveiled significant disparities in genetic diversity metrics between the two locations, Polymorphic diversity analysis further supported this, highlighting heightened genetic variation in Sample 2 from Thiruvananthapuram. Overall, Sample 2 consistently displayed elevated genetic diversity, suggesting a more robust genetic makeup compared to Sample 1 from Alleppey. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the genetic variation, effective allele numbers, and information content within Sphagneticola trilobata populations but also hold implications for conservation strategies and evolutionary studies in the studied regions.

Sofia S*1 and Ajmila Majeed2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 682–685
Saddam Hossain Mondal1 and Ayanangshu Sarkar2
1-2 Department of Economics, Heramba Chandra College, Kolkata - 700 029, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Pulses are an important food crops in the country. The crop supplied a major part of food security in the country. We have estimated the state wise production growth rates of total pulses in India during 1980-81to 2015-16. We have selected 15 agriculturally developed states for our research study. The secondary data on total pulses production are collected from the Reserve Bank of India, Different issues of Statistical Abstract of India (BAES). We have applied stochastic trend i.e., either TSP or DSP of non-stationary series for checking the production growth rates of total pulses in the country. In the case of stationary series, we have applied deterministic trend i.e., kinked exponential trend equation for estimating the production growth rates of total pulses in the country during the study period from 1980-81 to 2015-16. The production growth rates in total pulses are significantly positive with low value in a few states but most of the states in the country experienced either negative or no growth in this production over the whole study period. But in the case of sub-period growth rates, we observed that the production growth rates of total pulses in most of states had been either significantly negative or insignificant in the third or fourth sub-period as compared to the other sub-periods in the country.

Saddam Hossain Mondal1 and Ayanangshu Sarkar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 686–690
Labanya Pal*1
1 Department of Economics, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri, Birbhum - 731 101, West Bengal, India
Abstract
This study seeks to examine the impact of climate change on the yield of major crops in India. We compiled annual time series data of seven major crops namely, rice, wheat, pulses, groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, sugarcane, and cotton for 57 years (1964-65 to 2020-21) to study the impact of climatic variables namely, rainfall, maximum, and minimum temperatures on major crop yields in India. Ordinary least square as well as quantile regression technique were used to estimate the impact of climate change on the yield of seven major crops. The estimated results indicate that rainfall has a significant favourable effect on the yields of most crops except rapeseed and mustard (R&M). The average maximum temperature has a significantly adverse effect on rice, pulses and rapeseed and mustard (R&M) yields except on sugarcane and cotton yields. However, average minimum temperature has a positive relationship with crop yield in general. Thus, proper agricultural policy is needed to mitigate the adverse effects of climatic factors on crop yields.

Labanya Pal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 691–695
G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2
1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Mansagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to know the constraints perceived by the silkworm rearers in management of the uzi fly in Mandya district of Karnataka, India using pre-structured interview schedule. Uzi fly is the major pest on silkworm which is enforced to damage cocoon production considerably. Silkworm rearers in management of the uzi fly are grouped into three categories (small, medium and big] based on their size of mulberry land holding. Constraints perceived by the silkworm rearers have been classified into four groups namely, general constraints, constraints in the use of physical method, constraints in the use of chemical method and constraints in the use of biological method. In respect of total farmers, large group of silkworm rearers expressed that financial problem in management of the uzi fly was a prime constraint (79.50%] and next in the order were incidence of uzi fly (72.00%], lack of awareness about uzi fly control measures (68.50%] and lack of knowledge about the incidence of uzi fly (66.50%]. In physical method, cent per cent of the silkworm rearers opined that no support from government for purchase of nylon net was a major constraint followed by expensive in purchase of nylon net (96.00%] and lack of knowledge (65.00%]. In chemical method, equal number of silkworm rearers (86.00%] expressed inputs are costly and non-demonstration of method, whereas 82.50% of silkworm rearers opined chemical method was not effective and non-availability of inputs. However, in biological method, large group of rearers opined that no awareness on the use of biological method was a major constraint (82.50%], followed by non-availability of biological agents (79.50%] and biological agents are not required (79.00%).

G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 696–698
Vidhya Vijaya Raghavan*1 and T. Vishwanathan2
1 Department of Microbiology, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Microbiology, LRG Women's College, Tiruppur - 641 604, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The study investigates the antibacterial activity of Cyperus rotundus extract against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, indicating potential as an alternative treatment strategy. The extract demonstrates concentration-dependent inhibition zones, suggesting a dose-response relationship and highlighting its potential efficacy, among the 5 isolates tested, 2 of were well suppressed and inhibition activity was observed at 2.5mg of extract. Phytochemical analysis reveals bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties, underscoring its therapeutic potential. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of action and optimize dosage regimens for clinical use, contributing to efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Vidhya Vijaya Raghavan*1 and T. Vishwanathan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 699–702
Ajeet Kumar*1, Anupam Kumari2, Smita Kumari3 and Shambhu Nath Jha4
1-2 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 3 Department of Botany, Women’s College, Samastipur - 848 101, Bihar, India 4 Department of Botany, K. S. R. College, Sarairanjan, Samastipur - 848 127, Bihar, India
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a major challenge in papaya cultivation, causing significant yield losses worldwide. Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris, are a major challenge for papaya growers, leading to substantial yield losses. In this study, LAB strains were isolated from milk curd, and their efficacy as biological control agents against bacterial diseases in papaya was evaluated through in-planta application. The results showed that LAB strains were effective in suppressing bacterial growth in papaya plants, reducing the incidence and severity of bacterial diseases, and improving plant growth and yield. The findings suggest that in-planta application of LAB can be a potential strategy for biological control of bacterial diseases in papaya. Biological control using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a promising alternative for managing bacterial diseases in papaya.

Ajeet Kumar*1, Anupam Kumari2, Smita Kumari3 and Shambhu Nath Jha4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 703–708
Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3
1-3 Department of Life Science (Zoology), Binod Bihari Mahato Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad - 826 001, Jharkhand, India 4 Dean, Students’ Welfare, Binod Bihari Mahato Koyalanchal University University, Dhanbad - 826 001, Jharkhand, India 3 Burdwan Raj College, University of Burdwan, Purbo Bardhaman - 713 104, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Aedes sp. mosquito is a dreaded vector and carrier of pathogens of different life-threatening diseases causing global community health problems. At present its formal life cycle is with some controversy as it has been reported by many authors that the ecosystem of Aedes sp. needs to be investigated in different ways, based on that philosophy an innovational hypothesis has been framed on a new ecosystem of Aedes sp. in the water reserve of multi-chambered septic tank. A year-round study and survey have been carried out on the physical parameters and vector population (pupa/adult stages) of both the Septic Tank Environment (STE) and the Ambient Atmospheric Environment (AAE). The acquired data were evaluated using the ANOVA and produced significant results. The F-Values for STE and AAE were 177.2 and 4.58527, respectively. The corresponding P-values were <0.0001 and <0.5. The Vector Population Mean for STE and AAE was 271.42 and 122.08, respectively, across all three values. Other values are also highly significant as well supportive in favor of the STE environment for Aedes sp., leading to a condition of water reserve of septic tank can effectively be utilized as a “new and alternative ecosystem by Aedes sp. Vector”.

Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 709–714
Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2
1-2 Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala - 574 110, Karnataka, India
Abstract
In this paper, the estimation of water quality index (WQI) and hydro chemical analysis by statistical methods was carried out in the Padre microwatershed Kasaragod Kerala. WQI was calculated in order to find out the deviation in the water quality parameters particularly with respect to BIS permissible limits. Total 30 locations were selected of which samples were collected from fourteen open wells and thirteen Surangam water and three combined Surangam and open wells for the hydrochemical analysis. The Water Quality Index (WQI) values accept the suitability of water for drinking purposes. The center portion and southeast region of Padre microwatershed shows the quality of water is suitable for drinking purposes with WQI ranging from 0 to 58 in the pre-monsoon season and 0 to 49 in the post-monsoon season. Only few open wells namely, OW3, OW4, OW5, OW6, OW7 and OW13 at the bottom of the hillocks unfit for the same. Due to fluoride content above the permissible limit, one Surangam S14 near the northeastern portion and during the post-monsoon period the highest WQI of 108. This shows that proper treatment is necessary before it use for drinking purposes. Moreover, these wells should be protected against the contamination caused due to the fertilizers from agricultural lands.

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 715–720
Farhana Momtaz*1
1 Maryam Ajmal Women’s College of Science and Technology, Hojai - 782 435, Assam, India
Abstract
This study aims to examine the role of agriculture as a development tool for the Indian economy, focusing on key dimensions such as productivity trends, policy impacts, technology adoption, climate change resilience, gender disparities, and government interventions. Through an analysis of secondary data and published literature, the study reveals notable improvements in agricultural productivity across major states, driven by targeted investments, policy interventions, and technological advancements. Agricultural policies such as Minimum Support Prices (MSP), subsidies, and insurance schemes have positively influenced farmer incomes and market stability, although challenges related to market integration and climate change resilience persist. The increasing adoption of climate-smart technologies shows potential for improving sustainability and tackling climate risks. However, persistent gender gaps in agriculture hinder women’s access to resources. government spending in agriculture development is on rise, signaling a dedication to rural well-being and inclusive growth. Overall, the study underscores the need for holistic and inclusive approaches to agricultural development, integrating gender perspectives, environmental sustainability, and social equity. By fostering innovation, strengthening institutions, and promoting multi-stakeholder collaborations, India can harness the transformative potential of agriculture to achieve sustainable development goals and ensure food security for all stakeholders across the agricultural value chain.

Farhana Momtaz*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 721–726
H. M. Mahesha1 and B. Sannappa*2
1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Mansagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An investigation has been undertaken to assess the efficacy of organic based foliar formulations viz., Vermiwash, Panchagavya, and Jeevamrutha at three different concentrations (5, 7.5 and 10.0%) (Check: Seriboost @ 0.25%, Water control and Absolute control) through growth and yield parameters of tree mulberry. The organic based foliar formulations were sprayed on mulberry crop at 25 and 32 days after pruning (DAP). The current study revealed that, Vermiwash @ 10% concentration recorded significantly more plant height (112.9 ± 1.205 and 133.5 ± 1.220 cm), number of shoots per plant (23.80 ± 0.265 and 25.33 ± 0.120) and leaves per plant (389.2 ± 2.724 and 498.5 ± 4.989), leaf area (196.7 ± 4.437 and 221.2 ± 5.175 cm2) and leaf area index (5.152 ± 0.132 and 7.421 ± 0.244) at 45 and 60 DAP, respectively when compared to other organic based formulations, Seriboost and controls (Water control and Absolute control). On the other hand, at 60 DAP, both Jeevamrutha and Vermiwash @ 10% recorded highest leaf-shoot ratio (53.40 ± 0.614: 46.40 ± 0.614 and 53.60 ± 0.278: 46.40 ± 0.278). However, Panchagavya sprayed @ 10% concentration registered more specific leaf weight (410.5 ± 3.788g/100 leaves). Whereas, Highest leaf yield (68,788 ± 235.8 kg/ha/year) was recorded due to foliar application of Vermiwash @ 10% concentration compared to Absolute control (52012 ± 333.8 kg/ha/year). Furthermore, Seriboost @ 0.25% displayed limited effectiveness surpassing only the Water control and Absolute control. Overall, the findings inferred that, organic foliar formulations especially Vermiwash and Panchagavya @ 10% concentration can be conveniently used for enhancing the productivity of mulberry.

H. M. Mahesha1 and B. Sannappa*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 727–730
Siddhi Mhatre*1 and Willy Shah2
1 Department of Chemistry, Sonopant Dandekar Arts, V. S. Apte Commerce and M. H. Mehta Science College, Palghar - 401 404, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Annasaheb Vartak College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Vasai - 401 202, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study was carried out to develop a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of Oleanolic acid and Lupeol in Triumfetta Rhomboidea. The chromatographic separation was achieved using analytical C18 (4.6mm × 25cm), 5μm column under isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 2-propanol (90:10) with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and the detection wavelength was set at 210nm. The column temperature was maintained at 250C and the run time was set at 20 minutes. The developed method was validated for linearity, specificity, system suitability, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and precision as per the ICH guidelines. The calibration curve was found to be linear between the concentration ranges of 0.009-0.108mg/ml for Oleanolic acid and 0.006-0.072mg/ml for Lupeol. The LOD and LOQ of Oleanolic acid were 0.001105mg/ml and 0.003349mg/ml respectively. The LOD and LOQ of Lupeol were 0.001317mg/ml and 0.003992mg/ml respectively. The mean recovery values were in the range of 99.45% and 99.44% for Oleanolic acid and Lupeol. The % RSD values of intra- and inter-day precision analysis were lower than 2%. System suitability parameters were found to be within the acceptance limit.

Siddhi Mhatre*1 and Willy Shah2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 731–735
Rekha Sansanwal*1 and Lalita Singh2
1-2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani - 127 031, Haryana, India
Abstract
The escalating use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has exacerbated environmental degradation, marked by fossil fuel depletion, CO2 emissions, and water contamination. In India, the disproportionate reliance on these fertilizers poses a significant concern. Meanwhile, organic residues, often disposed of through burning or landfilling, contribute to soil degradation and the decline of essential environmental organisms. Among these, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and earthworms are pivotal in enhancing soil health. Vermicomposting emerges as a sustainable solution, leveraging earthworms to decompose organic waste and yield nutrient-rich vermicast or vermicompost. This organic fertilizer enriches soil fertility, enhancing nutrient availability and soil structure. Earthworms efficiently process various organic materials such as paper, manure, crop residues, food leftovers, and yard trimmings, transforming them into valuable products like worm meal and castings. Vermicompost not only reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers but also serves as a biocontrol agent, mitigating plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Additionally, it improves the soil's C:N ratio, mitigates heavy metal impacts, and fosters beneficial soil microflora. Thus, vermicomposting presents a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.

Rekha Sansanwal*1 and Lalita Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 15-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 740–742
M. G. Jadhav1 and N. S. Suryawanshi*2
1-2 Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, K. V. Pendharkar College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous) Dombivli (E) - 421 203, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem is a vital coastal habitat that supports diverse flora and fauna while providing essential ecosystem services. Understanding and monitoring water quality parameters are crucial for assessing the health and functioning of mangrove ecosystems. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of water quality parameters in a mangrove ecosystem, including temperature, pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were estimated. Present investigating reveals that significant variability in above parameters, indicating that the dynamic nature of the mangrove environment. While temperature and pH levels exhibited moderate fluctuations within acceptable ranges for mangrove ecosystems of Palghar, elevated levels of suspended and dissolved solids, along with the presence of organic pollutants, suggest potential anthropogenic impacts on water quality. Despite these challenges, relatively stable levels of alkalinity and hardness reflect the ecosystem's resilience to natural processes and its ability to maintain nutrient availability. Furthermore, the presence of organic pollutants highlights the need for proactive conservation and management strategies to mitigate water quality degradation and safeguard the health of mangrove ecosystems. Continued monitoring and collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and local communities are essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of mangrove ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide.

M. G. Jadhav1 and N. S. Suryawanshi*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 740–742
Syeda Ayesha*1
1 Government First Grade College, Kuvempunagar, Mysore - 570 023, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the widely used sulfa drugs are proposed as new coupling agents for the spectrophotometric determination of cardanol a phenolic compound found in cashew nut shell liquid which is a by-product of cashew industry. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotized sulfa drugs with cardanol to produce a yellow-coloured product with a maximum absorption at 415 nm. The colour developed was stable up to 24h. The methods obey Beer's law. The methods can be successfully employed for the determination of cardanol in presence of common excipients like glucose, lactose, dextrose, starch, sodium alginate and sodium lauryl sulphate, which do not interfere in the proposed methods.

Syeda Ayesha*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 743–747
S. M. Anuradha1 and K. Anbarasu*2
1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College (Affiliated to Annamalai University), Vriddhachalam - 606 001, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) is one of the chromium (VI) mild oxidant. This oxidant can be used to oxidize some para substituted phenols such as p-methyl, p-carboxy, p-nitro, p-chloro, p-methoxy, p-bromo, it shows that the reaction was first order concerning [IFC], phenols and fractional order concerning [H+]. There is a negligible change of reaction rate was observed during the addition of sodium perchlorate. Decrease the rate of reaction for increase the dielectric constant and manganous sulphate concentration. Absence of free radical mechanism while the addition of a drop of acrylonitrile. Thermodynamic and activation parameters were calculated from Eyring’s equation using thermostat in the temperature range 298 K to 313K. The substrate concentration and temperature variation can be studied for the para substituted phenols. From the attained kinetic investigations, a suitable mechanism and rate law was derived. The structure-reactivity relationship can be calculated using the drawn of Hammett plot. An excellent correlation is obtained from Exner’s plot of log k1 (303 K, 308 K, 313 K) versus log k1 (298K). It indicates that mentioned para- substituted phenols follow a uniform mechanism.

S. M. Anuradha1 and K. Anbarasu*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 748–750
Shekhar Phadtare1 and Vinod R. Ragade*2
1-2 Department of Zoology, KET'S V.G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous) Mithagar Road, Mulund East, Mumbai - 400 081, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present work utilizes the traditional methods for extracting, purifying, and estimating fat samples from Capra hircus. Through the Soxhlet method extracted, the animal fat sample and a rotatory evaporator were used to refine it. The purified sample was analyzed with the help of an FT-IR spectroscopic device and detected the different functional groups. These functional groups represented saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Different parameters evaluated the analytical properties of the fat sample. It observed that the fats of Capra hircus consist of pH value 6.7, melting point 36-56ºC, refractive index 1.448 -1.460, specific gravity 0.90, density 0.85-0.90, iodine value 55-60 I2/100gm, and the smoke point is 0.2% at 210ºC respectively. Finally, we concluded that the fat of Capra hircus in different food products, including ice cream, chocolate, cheese, pastries, chewing gums, potato chips, and hard candy, will be commonly utilized.

Shekhar Phadtare1 and Vinod R. Ragade*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 751–755
Mrunmai Sonawane1, Tipale Mayuri*2 and Jadhav Balaji3
1-3 Department of Food Technology, NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology (NIMS University), Jaipur - 303 121, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Iron and folate are essential micronutrients crucial for various physiological processes in the human body. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional significance, health benefits, and dietary recommendations associated with iron and folate-based products. Iron plays a pivotal role in oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis, while folate is vital for cell division, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to anemia, neural tube defects, and impaired cognitive function. Iron and folate supplementation have shown to alleviate these deficiencies and improve overall health outcomes. However, excessive intake of iron can be harmful, leading to oxidative stress and organ damage. Therefore, dietary recommendations emphasize achieving a balance between meeting nutritional needs and avoiding toxicity. Incorporating iron-rich foods such as lean meats, beans, and fortified cereals, along with folate-rich sources like leafy greens, citrus fruits, and fortified grains, can help maintain optimal levels of these nutrients. This review underscores the importance of adequate iron and folate intake for promoting overall health and well-being.

Mrunmai Sonawane1, Tipale Mayuri*2 and Jadhav Balaji3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 17-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 756–762
B. Appanna*1 and Y. Sujatha2
1-2 Department of Geography, S. V. University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
The aim of the Present study is to analyze the spatial distribution of agricultural crops in the Tungabhadra River basin of Kurnool district using statistical techniques such as Crop Concentration and Crop Diversification. The study focuses on the mandal level, covering a total of 30 mandals within the basin. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Chief Planning Office of Kurnool District (C.P.O) and the Handbook of Statistics, Kurnool District, for the year 2019-20. A total of seventeen crops were considered for this study. The Bhatia's Location Quotient method (1965) was employed to calculate the crop concentration, while the Gibbs and Martin's Quantitative technique (1962) was used to compute the crop diversification index. To visually represent the cropping patterns across the entire basin, the mandal was chosen as the base unit for areal mapping. Among the seventeen crops analyzed, Cotton (37%), Groundnut (15%), Bengal gram (13%), and red gram (9%) were found to be the most widely cultivated crops in the basin. The diversification of crops was found to be high in three mandals, moderate in fourteen mandals, and low in thirteen mandals.

B. Appanna*1 and Y. Sujatha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 763–766
D. Jancy Rani*1 and S. S. Vijayanchali2
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dr. N. G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore - 641 048, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Home Science, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul (District), Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Tomato is one of the popular and most consumed vegetable in the world. Tomatoes constitute an important agricultural crop and are an integral part of the human diet. Tomatoes have been traditionally credited as rich sources of carotenoids and vitamins; particularly β- carotene, pro vitamin A and ascorbic acid. The present work aims to explore the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of fresh and cabinet dried Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) fruit proportions (skin, pulp and seed). Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by the standard procedure to identify the secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, quinons, phlobatannin, phenol, saponin, tannin, terpenoids and steroids with different solvent extracts. Quantitative phytochemical test such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Total Phenol were also done. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by standard procedures to identify the secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids and terpenoids present in the methnolic extracts of fresh and dried tomatoes. UV spectrometry was used to do Lycopene analysis. From this study it can be concluded that fresh tomato contains number of phytochemicals.

D. Jancy Rani*1 and S. S. Vijayanchali2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-May-2024